TAIPEI TIMES, Jan 30, 2012
By Liu Chieh-hsiu
A few days ago, the Department of Health (DOH) announced a
preliminary list of hospitals that will be allowed to apply directly to
the National Immigration Agency on behalf of medical tourists from China
to make trips to Taiwan for health checks and medical cosmetology
treatment.
Last week the first group of Chinese visitors,
consisting of high-ranking officials and hospital chief executives from
Liaoning Province, arrived in Taiwan on a tour of inspection. Before
long, the DOH will announce a second list that will include more
eligible hospitals.
From now on, big hospitals around the nation
will be involved in the travel agency business, arranging trips for
Chinese visitors to attend hospitals in Taiwan.
The worrying thing
is that when hospitals start operating as travel agents, there is a
risk of them developing a two-tier approach in which existing
differences in the quality of healthcare service will become even more
pronounced.
Medical tourism epitomizes the industrialization and
marketization of healthcare. The continuing expansion of paid-for
services has for a long time been squeezing out the development of many
important kinds of healthcare provision. It is foreseeable that, as
medical tourism gets more competitive, hospitals will vie among
themselves for a bigger slice of the cake.
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No matter how often the
DOH insists that medical tourism will not influence the healthcare
services available to the public under the National Health Insurance
(NHI) framework, it is hard to believe it. What has already been
happening is that the overall development orientation of many hospitals
has been adjusted or distorted to some extent by the trend toward a
profit-oriented business model.
When people walk into hospitals in future they may find two
drastically different standards of service — be it the furnishings and
decoration provided, the kinds of service on offer or the fees charged.
In
one place you might find wealthy patients being attended to in
sumptuous surroundings by specially selected tall, slim and handsome
medical personnel who greet them with a bow and a smile, while in
another you might find sick people groaning in pain, while meager NHI
payouts make it hard for hospitals just to maintain the basic levels of
service required to keep their licenses. In these places, patients might
be attended to by overworked medical staff worn out from being on duty
for many days in a row, or there may be a high staff turnover rate.
Another
scenario that awaits us is that there will be two separate classes of
healthcare personnel. When healthcare services have been divided into
medical tourism on the one hand and NHI services on the other, the flow
of medical personnel between them will definitely not be in accordance
with the DOH’s repeated assurances that it will not cause staff
shortages in the four key departments — internal medicine, surgery,
gynecology and pediatrics. The DOH says that it will retain sufficient
staff in each area of specialization through imposing a quota system,
but this seems unlikely to work.
Work conditions for healthcare
personnel have yet to be improved, making it difficult for these four
major branches of medicine to recruit staff.
If in future there is
an ever-widening gap between work conditions in the medical tourism and
NHI sectors, it is bound to interfere with the appropriate deployment
of healthcare personnel. Worse still, it will also give rise to a
hierarchy among healthcare professionals.
The third threat facing us is a widening divide in medical ethics.
The first group of hospitals that gained approval to accept Chinese
medical tourists includes many of Taiwan’s leading hospitals and medical
studies centers — the very places that bear the onerous burden of
medical education in Taiwan.
Students in these teaching hospitals
receive guidance in medical ethics and public health, in the expectation
that they will serve the public in the spirit of helping and caring for
their fellow human beings, yet at the same time their teachers are
getting more involved in for-profit business. One wonders how medical
college teachers would explain their own actions to students of medical
ethics.
Medical tourism, which has as its core services health
tests and medical cosmetology, presents severe challenges with respect
to medical ethics. Health checks are not just a kind of commodity to be
sold by the roadside. The most important thing is not what kind of
expensive and intricate high-tech equipment is used, but who does the
testing, what tests they do and what is done after the tests are
completed. Only through long-term understanding between doctor and
patient and proper follow-up procedures can health tests have their
optimum effect.
Medical tourism packages do not make it easy to
establish long-term relationships between doctor and patient. A lot of
tests serve no real purpose and might even cause iatrogenic harm.
Besides, the test results may cause unnecessary worry to the people who
take them.
One-off therapeutic encounters are not likely to lead to partnerships
that include follow-up consultation and treatment, or the continued
care and maintenance that should be provided for medical cosmetology
patients.
More serious still, when medical tourists come to Taiwan
carrying wads of money, expecting to buy their way to health, the
incomplete medical tests and cosmetology treatment they pay for are
likely to get doctors and nurses embroiled in many more medical disputes
than they currently face.
Liu Chieh-hsiu is a physician in the department of family medicine at National Taiwan University Hospital.
Translated by Julian Clegg